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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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1 \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.1 \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.2 \u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3 \u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u4f20\u7edf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e4b\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2 \u6784\u5efa\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.1 <\/strong>\u7269\u8d28\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u7edf\u4e00\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.2 <\/strong>\u5faa\u73af\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u5faa\u73af<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd0\u7a0b\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u5faa\u73af\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u8fd0\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4ed6\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ece\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53bb\u6784\u9020\u3002\u201d[7]<\/sup>\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e0d\u662f\u6742\u4e71\u65e0\u7ae0\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u9a6c\u7531\u7f30\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d\u5faa\u73af\u6f14\u5316\u7740\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u6069\u683c\u65af\u6ca1\u6709\u56de\u7b54\u7684\u600e\u6837\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.3 <\/strong>\u6f14\u5316\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4eca\u4e16<\/strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u6700\u7ec8\u547d\u8fd0\u662f\u574d\u584c\u79ef\u805a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.4 <\/strong>\u89c6\u57df\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u6548<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5176\u4ed6\u9002\u4eba\u884c\u661f\u4e0a\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u7a81\u7834\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c31\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e4b\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6f14\u53d8\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5236\u7ea6\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u6240\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u7684\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5730\u7403\u89c4\u5f8b\u624d\u80fd\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9002\u4eba\u884c\u661f\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u667a\u6167\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u5c31\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7c7b\u63a5\u89e6\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u770b\u4f3c\u79bb\u5947\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u767e\u601d\u4e0d\u89e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u601d\u8003\u5730\u5916\u751f\u547d\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u628a\u9633\u5149\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u548c\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5c06\u5730\u7403\u4e09\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u673a\u68b0\u642c\u8fd0\u5230\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u5927\u5927\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u968f\u7740\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7528\u4e0d\u4e86\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u6cd5\u5219\u751a\u81f3\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u7b11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u751f\u547d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u5404\u9002\u4eba\u661f\u7cfb\u548c\u5404\u9002\u4eba\u884c\u661f\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4e0d\u7d0a\u548c\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u3002\u7ef4\u6301\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5404\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6709\u5e8f\u2026\u2026\u5404\u79cd\u5916\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u201d[6, p.569] <\/sup>\u5fb7\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6069\u683c\u65af\u66fe\u7ecf\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53f3\u8fb9\u6216\u5de6\u8fb9\u6bd4\u8ddd\u79bb\u592a\u9633\u8fd8\u8fdc\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u4ebf\u500d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u201d[1, p. 496]<\/sup>\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b64\u5355\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u957f\u76f8\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u957f\u76f8\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u8ff0\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7740\u8fb9\u9645\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u552f\u7269\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8ff0\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u5e76\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5 <\/strong>\u5bf9\u7acb\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e4b\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4ece\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u8bf8\u7269\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6d77\u6f6e\u6da8\u843d\u5230\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u8bf8\u5929\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u65e2\u76f8\u4e92\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\uff0c\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u5c06\u5f15\u529b\u548c\u65a5\u529b\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65a5\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f15\u529b\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4efb\u4e00\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u6709\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4ece\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5230\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\u5927\u5c0f\u76f8\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u7528\u5f88\u5927\u7bc7\u5e45\u8bc1\u660e\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u5b58\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u548c\u4e07\u6709\u65a5\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u80fd\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5438\u5f15\uff1b\u7531\u4e8e\u4e07\u6709\u65a5\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u201d\u201c\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u548c\u4e07\u6709\u65a5\u529b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u5404\u4e2a\u5929\u4f53\u548c\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\uff1b\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u65a5\u529b\u3002\u201d[6, p.489]<\/sup>\u7531\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6240\u5904\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65a5\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5f15\u529b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u65a5\u529b\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u5426\u5b9a\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u4ece\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u3001\u5927\u81a8\u80c0\u8d70\u5411\u5927\u574d\u584c\u3001\u5927\u840e\u7f29\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5faa\u73af\u90fd\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u4e8b\u7269\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.6 <\/strong>\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5b87\u5b99<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e4b\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e16\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e16\u95f4\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u7edd\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff1b\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u8861\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5230\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u8bf8\u5929\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5929\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u5904\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u201d\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5468\u800c\u590d\u59cb\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u65b0\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u90fd\u6bd4\u65e7\u5e73\u8861\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u201d[6, pp.436-444]<\/sup>\u5e76\u5728\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u8ff0\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u5e73\u8861\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.7 <\/strong>\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u53ef\u77e5\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u53ef\u77e5\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u63a2\u7d22\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e4b\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\u548c\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u5b87\u5b99\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\u5462\uff1f\u62d9\u8457\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u4f5b\u6559\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5343\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u201c\u4f7f\u770b\u4f3c\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u8c8c\u4f3c\u6d69\u701a\u65e0\u57a0\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u3002\u5343\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u548c\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u201d[6, p.455]<\/sup>\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5341\u5206\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u672c\u76f8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u66f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u6df1\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u53d1\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u666e\u53ca\u5343\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u65e0\u59cb\u65e0\u7ec8\u3001\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u65e0\u8fb9\u65e0\u9645\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\uff0c\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\uff0c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u53ef\u77e5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9610\u91ca\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u6b65\u5730\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u65e0\u59cb\u65e0\u7ec8\u3001\u65e0\u8fb9\u65e0\u9645\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5b83\u3002\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u7e41\u82e5\u7b80\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53c8\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u65e2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7740\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u6c38\u6052\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u201d[6, p.444]<\/sup>\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u9010\u6b65\u5730\u53bb\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u548c\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u9650\u548c\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u53ef\u77e5\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.8 <\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u4e0e\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5b87\u5b99\u65e2\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u805a\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u4e0e\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4e4b\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u6839\u636e\u5e84\u5b50\u201c\u4e00\u5c3a\u4e4b\u9524\uff0c\u65e5\u53d6\u5176\u534a\uff0c\u4e07\u4e16\u4e0d\u7aed\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u4e0e\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u2026\u2026\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\u3002[6, pp.430-432]<\/sup>\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u805a\u5408\u7684\uff1b\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u805a\u5408\u7684\u3002\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u4e0e\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6b63\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u9006\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6b63\u5411\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u9006\u5411\u4fbf\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u540c\u65f6\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u65e0\u9650\u53ef\u5206\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u3002[6, pp. 429-430]<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u3001\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u661f\u7cfb\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5730\u6708\u7cfb\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u5904\u5728\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u65cb\u81c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7b49\u661f\u7cfb\u4e00\u8d77\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u53c8\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7b49\u661f\u7cfb\u5982\u4ed9\u5973\u5ea7\u661f\u7cfb\u7b49\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u661f\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u672c\u661f\u7cfb\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e76\u9884\u8a00\u672c\u661f\u7cfb\u7fa4\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7b49\u661f\u7cfb\u7fa4\u4e00\u8d77\u6784\u6210\u5de8\u5927\u661f\u7cfb\u6d41\u2026\u2026\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u805a\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.9 <\/strong>\u667a\u6167\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u5b87\u5b99\u5177\u6709\u667a\u6167\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u53cc\u91cd\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u3002\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5206\u5206\u5408\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u80fd\u91cf\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u521b\u751f\u4e86\u667a\u6167\u751f\u547d\u8bde\u751f\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u673a\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u5730\u7403\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u7a81\u5140\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5b8f\u5927\u5b87\u5b99\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4e00\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e\u3001\u7b49\u4e8e\u548c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u5916\u8c8c\u957f\u76f8\u6bd4\u5730\u7403\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e11\u964b\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u548c\u66f4\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\uff1b\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u547d\u3001\u534a\u7269\u8d28\u534a\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u547d\u548c\u7eaf\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u547d\uff1b\u666e\u4e16\u5b97\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7c7b\u548c\u4ed9\u7c7b\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u7eaf\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u547d\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u60f3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u4f53\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4f53\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u673a\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u534a\u7269\u8d28\u534a\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u547d\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u690d\u7269\u548c\u4f4e\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u547d\u6216\u79f0\u78b3\u57fa\u751f\u547d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5176\u4ed6\u9002\u4eba\u661f\u7cfb\u548c\u9002\u4eba\u884c\u661f\u4e2d\u540c\u6837\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u7403\u670946.5\u4ebf\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5730\u7403\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u7ea7\u667a\u6167\u6587\u660e\u8d23\u65e0\u65c1\u8d37\u5730\u7edf\u5fa1\u3001\u7763\u5bfc\u4f4e\u7b49\u7ea7\u667a\u6167\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f4e\u7b49\u7ea7\u6587\u660e\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u7ea7\u6587\u660e\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u9ad8\u7b49\u7ea7\u6587\u660e\u7279\u5b9a\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u7cbe\u795e\u4f53\u964d\u4e16\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u964d\u751f\u5230\u4f4e\u7b49\u7ea7\u6587\u660e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fbf\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u4f1f\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u5f15\u9886\u4f4e\u7b49\u7ea7\u6587\u660e\u4e4b\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4f53\u964d\u4e16\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8de8\u5730\u57df\u3001\u8d85\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8d85\u8d8a\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u79cd\u65cf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8de8\u8d8a\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u667a\u6167\u6587\u660e\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u667a\u6167\u6587\u660e\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u6027\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u884c\u661f\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c38\u4e0d\u505c\u6ede\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5916\u661f\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u6587\u660e\u90fd\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5272\u88c2\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u662f\u4e8b\u7269\u7531\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5411\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eca\u4e16\u6587\u660e\u3001\u524d\u4e16\u6587\u660e\u548c\u6765\u4e16\u6587\u660e\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u5730\u7403\u667a\u6167\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u4e8b\u7269\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e0d\u706d\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u4e4b\u5426\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d77\u6e90\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u8d77\u6e90\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u63a2\u6790\uff0c\u628a\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u5730\u7403\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u795e\u660e\u3001\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7b49\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u5730\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u51fa\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u5907\u7684\u4e5d\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8f6e\u5ed3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9274\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u80af\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4e4b\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u5931\u751a\u81f3\u8c2c\u8bef\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6743\u4f5c\u5f15\u7389\u4e4b\u7816\uff0c\u613f\u4e0e\u6709\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\u548c\u5546\u69b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u6587\u96c6\uff1a\u7b2c9\u5377[M]. \u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5217\u5b81\u65af\u5927\u6797\u8457\u4f5c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5c40, \u8bd1. \u5317\u4eac: \u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 2009-12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] [\u82f1]\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1. \u65f6\u95f4\u7b80\u53f2[M].\u8bb8\u660e\u8d24,\u5434\u5fe0\u8d85,\u8bd1.\u957f\u6c99:\u6e56\u5357\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2015-04.p.233.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] [\u82f1]\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\uff0c[\u7f8e]\u5217\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u8499\u6d1b\u8fea\u8bfa.\u5927\u8bbe\u8ba1[M].\u5434\u5fe0\u8d85,\u8bd1.\u957f\u6c99:\u6e56\u5357\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2011-01. p.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] [\u82f1]\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u6234\u7ef4\u65af. \u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0e\u65b0\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u524d\u8a00 [M]. \u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u6e56\u5357\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 2003-10. p.5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] \u97e9\u6c11\u9752.\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u65b0\u4eba\u62e9\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u4eba\u5b66\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2[J].\u4e1c\u5cb3\u8bba\u4e1b,2000,(06):21-28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] \u8584\u6cd5\u5e73.\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8d77\u6e90[M].\u6606\u660e:\u4e91\u5357\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e,2011-11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] [\u82f1] \u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u91cc\u514b.\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22[M].\u6c6a\u4e91\u4e5d\uff0c\u7b49\u8bd1.\u957f\u6c99\uff1a\u6e56\u5357\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002-01.p.11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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